Community Health Nursing A Continuum Of Care From Health...

Health is a dynamic, changing state of well-being, which includes physical, mental, sociological, and cultural factors of both individual members and the whole family system (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, Hanson, 2015, p. 5). The Health and well-being of individuals and families are important in order to attain a healthy lifestyle. Community health promotion allows nurses to work with individuals, families, and groups from diverse cultures, traditions and languages to teach health-seeking behaviors (Stamler Yiu, 2012). Health promotion engulfs preventing, maintaining, strengthening and improving each person’s health; by allowing them to learn ways to take an active part in self-care through education. The purpose of this paper is to discuss community health nursing, and how it fosters nursing practice through the experience gained from analyzing two scenarios from the Aberhart Center Tuberculosis Clinic. The CARNA competencies will be applied to the experiences. Community Health Nursing Community health nursing is a continuum of care from health promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care (Canadian Nurses Association [CNA], 2010). Community health nursing is comprised of community health Nurse (CHN) and Public Health Nurse (PHN). CHN works on â€Å"prevention, health restoration, health maintenance or palliative care† (Stamler Yiu, 2012, p. 1). While on the other hand, PHN works on promoting, protecting, and preserving the health ofShow MoreRelatedMy Nursing Philosophy1264 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences and nursing education thus far, I acknowledge that I have unknowingly developed a set of values, beliefs, and virtues that makes up my personal nursing philosophy. As I move forward in my nursing education, the values and beliefs that I have associated with a diverse patient population, health, the environment, and the role of the professional nurse will progress with me. 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Purpose of Business Business Ethics Free Essays

The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why. ? Mark Twain Purpose is one of the single most unremitting factor which leads to the success of an organization and wholesome and virtuous development of the individuals associated with It. Most of the greatest companies In the world have great purposes, discovered by their founding fathers which still remain at the core of their business models. We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of Business Business Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now While profitability, innovation, effectiveness, efficiency and differentiation are major stakeholders in creation of a successful business, the crux of It all according to me Is In the creation of a customer centric culture. Focusing on customer Impact rather than profits builds business confidence and drives Investments. We can term this as a noble magnanimous approach which acts as the nexus of the organization. Some people might confuse It with philanthropy but the noble aspect of this Is In nurturing drive that encourages employees to work with sedulous to solve problems and create a positive impact in the lives of their customers. When employees associate themselves with a culture of customer satisfaction, which is bigger than them, they get emotionally engaged and this leads to the creation of a truly differentiated organization. While businesses that focus on the numbers alone mostly end up producing average results, teams with customer contentment as the front and centre f the business know that their Job matters and thus produce exponential growth. A purpose with customer impact at its core leverages businesses and leaders in the face of changing business climates and provides a framework for decision making which gives them a competitive advantage. This eventually fosters the formation of an extremely housewarming culture where employees deliver strong business results and ironically end up winding more profits by focusing on something completely beyond profit. How to cite Purpose of Business Business Ethics, Papers

Determination Theory Basic Psychological -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Which Factors Led To Diminishing Sugarcane Yield In Australia? What Are The Effects Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To Farmers In Australia? What Are The Impacts Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To Millers In Australia? What Is The Effect Of Diminished Sugarcane Yields To The Economy Of Australia? Which Are The Long-Term Solutions To Increase Sugarcane Yield In Australia? Answers: Introduction. The purpose of this particular paper or report is to critically analyze the diminishing of sugarcane yields in Australia. To start with, it is important to note that agriculture has been one of the key pillars of economy in Australia. The farming of sugarcane as well as processing of harvested sugarcane has been widely done in Australia. The sugarcane industry in Australia is located along the eastern coastline (Marylene, 2014). This is based on a wide land coverage with about 4000 elements of cane farming in Australia. Mainly, these farms are possessed by family partners along with other sole proprietors. Apart from sugarcane farming, the country has specialized in processing these cane in the industries. Therefore, this fact give rise to numerous millers. The structure of these millers is based on a different ownership unlike the sugarcane farms. The millers are owned by public entity, cooperatives as well as some private company whose shares are limited by guarantee. The sugarcane industry in Australia deals with several major products. Some of these products include the raw crystal sugar that is highly purchased by refineries both locally as well through exportation. Basically, this industry become the most reliable aspect in the rural areas of Australia. Actually, it is rated as the largest business activity carried out in Australian up countries (Maslow, 2013). According to one of the major producers of sugarcane, Queensland rural area produces approximately 4 tonnes of raw sugar, about a million tonnes of molasses along with ten million tonnes of bagasse. This is what a single rural area can produce in a single year. This clearly indicate the extent by which sugarcane industry in Australia have developed. The other aspect in sugarcane industry in Australia involves the concept of green energy. The main advantage of sugar mills in Australia is that these mills are self-sufficient and sustaining in energy. This is cost effective as long as mill ing process is concerned. This concept has enabled the country to reduce the emission and effects of greenhouse gases effects. In addition, there are some industrial changes in sugarcane industry in Australia. The several realization processes that these industries have undergone in processing as well as production process have encouraged the farmers and millers to increase the production in the last decade (McGregor, 2012). A lot of people have been employed in these industries and the country economic condition has been sustaining altogether. However, for the last few years, the farming and production of sugarcane in Australia has been affected by many factors that results to diminishing of sugarcane yield in Australia. These factors have affected the economy in the rural areas. This particular report clearly researches on those factors that lowers the production of sugarcane in Australia. A general overview of these factors includes varying rainfall as well as changes in temperature as a result of reduced adaptive capacity, there has been increased vulnerability in the natural hazards and inaccurate forecasting and time series analysis on mitigation strategies. In addition, the cost of inputs used in sugarcane production has increased significantly, the production costs involved has as well increased along with low prices of canes to local farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to form a research baseline for the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia by assessing these factors along with other factors. Problem statement: By researching the degenerated soil properties and to access the solution of old and new fields (Skjemstad, Taylor Janik, 1995). The introductory investigations it has been stated by observing the age i.e. (grown sugarcoat to not less than two decades of longtime beneath a blazed stick system)? Also, the new land of cane sugar must be noted by contrasting dirt properties. Generally, those particular types of impacts have been stated that the former sugar coat yields have been degraded and mixed with various elements (Bramley et al; 2002, skjemstad et al; 1995). Despite that the properties of the clay are differed with the enormous issues like the nature of land, climatic conditions, percentage of fertility and supply of adequate amount of water. Soil corruption might have been the most effective reason for the decrease of sugar cane yields. There has been reduction in the production of sugarcane that have affected the amount of sugarcane and the subsidiary products in the mills in Australia. For the last few decades, the sugarcane production and yield in Australia had indicated an upward trend in the rural economy as well as other areas in Australia. This has been demonstrated by many factors such as high production in sugarcane farms in rural areas such as Queensland. As a result, a lot of corporations, private investors as well as public entities constructed mills to accommodate the large sugarcane productions. However, in the last few years, there has been diminishing yield in sugarcane in Australia. This is the problem under consideration in this particular research project report. These factors that reduced the yield in sugarcane production in Australia are based on internal as well as external factors. Typically, a general overview of these challenges such as varying rainfall as well as changes in temperature as a result of low adaptive capacity. In addition, there has been a significant rise on vulnerability in the natural hazards. Again, inaccurate forecasting and time series analysis on mitigation strategies also played a major role in diminishing the sugarcane yields in Australia. Moreover, the cost of inputs used in sugarcane production as well as other relevant equipment have increased significantly. Finally, the production costs involved has as well increased along with low prices of canes to local farmers. Hence, the purpose of this report is to form a research baseline for the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia by assessing these factors along with other factors. This will assist all stakeholders in this field of industry to mitigate this kind of a problem asserted in this report. Research aim. The main aim of this report is to reveal factors that tend to diminish sugarcane yield in Australia. With those factors at hand, all the relevant stakeholders in this sector will be in a proper and ultimate position to devise ways and strategies to mitigate these challenges. Therefore, these research aims at setting a recommendation mechanism of what factors to be considered so as to mitigate the diminishing sugarcane yield that has been demonstrated in Australia (Santos, 2015). This will be very important to rural farmers in Australia as well as all prominent and potential millers in Australia altogether. Research objectives. The following objectives will be necessary and very crucial in completion of this particular research. These objectives can be based as either general research objectives or the specific research objectives. General objectives. To determine factors causing low sugarcane production in Australia. To determine the challenges affecting sugarcane production in rural areas in Australia. To determine the strategies that can be used to increase sugar cane production in Australia. To mitigate problems affecting sugarcane production in Australia. Specific objectives. To investigate how better output in sugarcane sector can be achieve. To find out reasons for low prices of canes to the farmers. Quality of soil: The overall productivity of the yield irrespective of the sugar cane i.e. almost all varieties of agro based products (Agricultural products) depends upon the fertility of the soil or clay and its environmental conditions Availability of water: It is an important aspect that the considerable amount of water leads to the enrichment of soil and rise in productivity Involvement of fertilizers to destroy parasites that infect the yields: The soil requires the attention at regular intervals of time in case it left for unattended there is a surge chance of infecting the microbial organisms which eradicates the plantation area. Filtration of the crop: The surface of the portion of land must be filtered twice for a span of three months that which set for free before spraying the chemicals Differentiation of cost in the yield for a span of two years: For a span of two years, the differentiation of cost in the yield has been increasing. This could be associated to the high cost of production in sugarcane industry (Thomas, 2009). This can be indicated by the trend on future sugar forward curve below. The volume and price in the curve indicate a fall in the last quarter of the first year. Then the following year, the curve indicates a positive trend that finally falls slightly in the last quarter of the following year. Justification and potential output of the research. As asserted in the context above, the aim of this research involves the underlying factors in determining various aspects that result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Therefore, explaining these factors into detail may assist this research to gain full justification and accurate potential output. To start with, one of this factor is high production cost. In any industry or businesses, the cost of production need to remain minimized (Galloway, 2007). This is important because any industry has an objective of generating profits from the daily operations of the industry. This in simple term describe that the assets of any industry must surpass to a great extent the liabilities of that industry by applying all means possible. This again implies that, the income column generated by any industry must be higher than the expenses column. However, for this research, the production cost of sugarcane industry in Australia have increased and most farmers are unable to support the whole process (Taubes, 2016). This result to diminishing sugarcane yields since the entire process is not sustaining to all stakeholders involved. Another factor that can justify the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is associated to the area under which the farmers have been practicing extensive sugarcane production. These areas have been affected by adverse climatic conditions in terms of rainfall production as well as temperature changes (Ryan Deci, 2017). From the data below, we can clearly demonstrate how these areas have been producing sugarcane for a couple of years. Area harvested for milling (Hectares) If we conduct an analysis of this data, we can demonstrate the trend of sugarcane harvested for milling for the five years span. The graph below can demonstrate the anticipated trend. From the graph analyzed below, the trend in production of sugarcane in the four main sugarcane producers clearly indicate the trend in sugarcane production. Most of these areas indicate an upward trend in area harvested for milling. Therefore, for the analyzed five years, the expectation of this trend is that more sugarcane yields will be recommended in these areas. Queens Land indicate the highest area harvested for milling in the five years span. However, the diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia still remain due to others factors despite the upward trend among areas used for sugarcane production. Area of production Finally, the other justification that may result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is based in the price of cane paid to local farmers. The key milestone in agricultural sector is the farmer who dwell day in day out to see the success of the products under consideration. Therefore, the main shareholder of agricultural sector is the farmer (Raffray, 2011). Therefore, a corresponding profit share as well need to go back to that farmers on equitable grounds. However, what happens on the ground is the contrary. A lot of wealth generated in this sector is shared by middlemen while the key player, that is, the farmer, is left with a very small proportion. Connecting that information to this scenario, then in Australia, farmers have been neglected when it comes to payment of sugarcane production (James, 2007). Low prices of canes produced lenders the sustainability of the farmers unbearable. Many of these farmers tend to lower production so as to cut down production costs. As a re sult, the diminished sugarcane yield is recorded in Australia. Conceptual framework. The conceptual framework in this research project is based in the following independent variables. The prices of sugarcane by the farmers to the millers. The area cover by sugarcane farms by main sugarcane producers in Australia. The proportion of sugarcane subjected to private mills, public mills as well as corporations mills. The relevant factors that need to be put in place to reverse the diminishing sugarcane yields in Australia. From the above independent variables, if the yield of sugarcane in Australia will not clearly address these independent variables, then we anticipate a further decline in sugarcane yields in Australia (Williams, 2006). Otherwise, if these independent variables are well mitigated, then there will be more yield in the next few years. Research Methodologies: In the past, there has been previous researches that addressed the diminishing sugarcane yields from other areas of the globe. However, many of the factors that contributed to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia, tend to be similar to those of other areas. According to the research that was conducted in Kenya for instance, there is a clear positive correlation on factors that affected sugarcane in Kenya and Australia. These factors include high production costs, low payment to farmers, adverse climatic conditions associated to drought and at time flood (Pankhurst, Magarey, Stirling, Blair, Bell, Garside, 2003). Borrowing some of the strategies used to mitigate these challenges in Kenya can as well help to reduce the sugarcane challenges that result to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Therefore, Australia agricultural sector need to check on inputs used in production as well as better payment to farmers to motivate the entire process as Kenyan agricultural sector did to mitigate the reduction of sugarcane yield. Plantation of sugarcane by F.B.D (Flat Bed Method, Garside et al (2003) Flat bed strategy is one of the major technique which is used for the planting of sugar cane it involves the process of digging the total proportion of land in the systematic way befor The beds are placed (Bramley, Ellis, Nable Garside, 1996). Sticks are arranged in the vertical position in the form of lines which varies up to 60 to 90 cm. Squeezing process is done by hands or legs and covered with soil. Literature Review: A huge exertion has been connected to evaluate the clay compaction in the sugar cane industry which are located at the Queens Land Australia (Dr. Mike Braunack et al; 2010). Cane sugar production is suitable for ideal soil which has more fertility. The core motto or mission in this particular research is to offer quality and accurate results for the research. Therefore, a well-established comprehension of the research along with enhancement of knowledge helps to have efficient, effective and appropriate completion of the research project via construction of proper and accurate outcome of the research project (Richard, 2013). In addition, analysis of data as well as analysis of other relevant and correlating aspects are helpful so as to incorporate the application of various models and relevant theories so as to process accurate information as well as shedding reflections of the literature gap. Finally, previous attempts have been applied to investigate likely loopholes along with other gaps consisted in the theories and models (Gioia, Corley Hamilton, 2013). Collectively, the models and these theories are utilized in this research project. There is a need to have further detailed research with the objective of gathering outcom es as per the anticipated recommendations and according to the results desired by the completion of the project. Data Collection Method: There are several methods used to collect data in this research. First, there was observations of farms or areas used in production of sugarcane in Australia. This method enabled us to see the nature of land required to undertake sugarcane farming process. Again, sample surveys and questionnaire study was conducted. Sugarcane industry in Australia has employed more than 16,000 employees (Magarey, Yip, Bull Johnson, 1995). Out of these population, 2000 workers are located in Queens Land. Therefore, we use a sample size of 200. Out of 200 workers, 145 of them agreed to the fact that present diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia is associate to high cost of production while the rest of the sample did not clearly indicate what factors attributed to diminishing sugarcane yield in Australia. Quantitative Analysis The statistical data of the cane sugar industries produced in Australia are given below over a span of 5 years at the different locations all over across Australia Conclusion: The plantation i.e. (sugar) has been spread widely with more innovations and technologies by maintaining constant soil nutrients. In this research any organizations outside the Australia has not been considered due to the uneven atmospheric conditions and availability of water and rainfall in all the regions. It only concentrates the crops that has been placed inside the Australia even if it varies different states (Gaston, 2014). Usage of wide number of machines and techniques have been adopted to enlarge the production which would be applicable to many industries. In conclusion, this particular research project is very important to agricultural sector in Australia regarding sugarcane production. The contextual research questions and objectives have been very crucial in this research (Ford Bristow, 1995). Therefore, the aim of this project is to see the implementation of proper strategies to mitigate the reduced sugarcane yield that have been witnessed in Australia over the last couple of years. The several realization processes that these industries have undergone in processing as well as production processes. This will have encouraged the farmers and millers to increase the production in the future. A lot of people who have been employed in these industries will be able to appreciate the countrys economic conditions and their nature of work altogether. References: Bramley, R.G.V., Ellis, N., Nable, R.O. and Garside, A.L. (1996). Changes in soil chemical properties under long term sugarcane monoculture and their possible role in sugarcane yield decline. Aust. J. Soil Res., 34: 967 - 84. Ford E.J. Bristow K.L. (1995b). Soil physical properties of several sugar producing soils in north Queensland. II. Soil moisture retention, bulk density, and particle size distribution. CSIRO Div Soils, Tech. Rep. 7/1995 Galloway, J.H. (2007). The Sugar Cane Industry: An Historical Geography from its Origin to 1914. Cambridge University Press. Gaston, L. (2014). Hypothesis Testing Made Simple. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: on the Gioia methodology Notes.Organizational Research Method. Sage publishers. James, G. (2007). Sugarcane. Wiley-Blackwell. Magarey, R.C., Yip, H.Y., Bull, J.I., Johnson, E.J. (1995). Recent studies into the soil biology of yield decline. Marylene, G. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation and Self-Determination Theory. OUP USA. Maslow, A.H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Start publishing LLC. McGregor, D. (2012). The Human Side of Enterprise. New Yolk, 21. Pankhurst, C.E., Magarey, R.C. Stirling, G.R., Blair, B.L., Bell, M.J. and Garside, A.L. (2003). Management practices to improve soil health and reduce the effects of detrimental soil biota associated with yield decline of sugarcane in Queensland, Australia. Soil Tillage Res. 72:125 137. Proceedings Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 1995 Conference, pp.128 - 133. Raffray, B. (2011). Raising Sugar Cane: Out of the Sugar Cane Fields of South Louisiana. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Richard, A. (2013). Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing. Ryan, R.M., Deci, EL. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford presses. Santos, F. (2015). Sugarcane: Agricultural Production, Bioenergy and Ethanol. Academic Press. Skjemstad, J.O., Taylor J.A. Janik, L.J. (1995). Establishing organic matter base-line data on Yield Decline Joint Venture sites. CSIRO Div. Soils, Adelaide, Report to SRDC. Taubes, G. (2016). The Case against Sugar. Knopf. Thomas, K.W. (2009). Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers. Williams, L. (2006). The House Surrounded by Sugar Cane: The Smith-Jenkins Farm. AuthorHouse

The Development of the Atomic Theory free essay sample

The Development of the Atomic Theory Have you ever wondered how the atomic theory came to be? Or have you have wondered who it was that helped in its development? There was not just one man who came up with the atomic theory, but there were many scientists that contributed to its development. One of these scientists was Democritus, a Greek philosopher. Democritus was the son of Hegesistratus, and he was a student of Magians and Chaldaeans. By some authorities he was thought of as the greatest of the Greek physical philosophers. He was born in Abdera in Thrace sometime between 470 and 460 BC. Democritus studied under the Greek philosopher Leucippus, whose system he later on developed further. Democritus visualized atoms; atom is a Greek word for indivisible, which means as moving through space, then colliding to form the universe and the natural objects in it. Democritus was said to have excelled in all the branches of knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of the Atomic Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"His name was associated with the first exposition of the atomic theory of matter, according to which all matter is composed of single, indivisible atoms exactly alike qualitatively.† (Greek: pg 1) His theory was different from the theory of early philosophers, who believed that matter was composed of particles that differed qualitatively from each other, and that disagreed only concerning their differences. Democritus believed that the first principles of the universe were atoms and empty space, and that everything else was only thought to exist. He also believed that the space which the atoms moved in and their motion within that space was without end. Democritus’ theory also included that atoms were unlimited in size and number, and that they generate all composite things. He wrote extensively on the nature of matter, but only fragments of his original work still remain today. Democritus also contributed to ethics, theology, and psychology. The second scientist that helped in the development of the atomic theory was John Dalton, who was an English chemist. The idea of the atom was first suggested by Democritus, but his assumption was said to not be useful in explaining chemical phenomena, because he did not have experimental evidence to support those assumptions. It was the late 1700’s when early chemists began to explain chemical behavior in terms of the atom. â€Å"Joseph Priestly,  Antoine Lavoiser, and others were the ones that set the stage for the foundation of chemistry.†(Early pg.1) They did this by demonstrating that substances can combine to form new materials. It was John Dalton, though, who put the pieces together and helped in the development of the atomic theory in 1803. In Dalton’s theory he had five basic assumptions the first one stated that all matter consisted of tiny particles called atoms. Dalton along with others anticipated the atoms that composed all matter as tiny, solid spheres in different stages of motion. The second assumption was that atoms are indestructible and unchangeable. Atoms of an element cannot be created, destroyed, divided into smaller pieces, or transformed into atoms of another element. Dalton based this hypothesis on the law of conservation of mass which was stated by Antoine Lavoisier and others around 1785. The third assumption was that elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms. Dalton suggested that all atoms of the same element have equal weights. Therefore, every single atom of an element, such as oxygen, is alike to every other atom. On the other hand atoms of different elements, like oxygen and mercury, differ from each other. The fourth assumption was that in chemical reactions, atoms combine in small, whole-number ratios. The experiments that Dalton and others performed indicated that chemical reactions happen according to atom to atom ratios which were accurate and well-defined. The fifth assumption was that when elements react, it is possible that their atoms may join in more than one whole-number ratio. Dalton used this hypothesis to describe the reason it was that the ratios of two elements in various compounds, such as oxygen and nitrogen in nitrogen oxides, differed by multiples of each other. John Dalton’s theory was accepted because of its explanation of the law of conservation of mass, definite proportions, multiple proportions, and other observations. The third scientist that helped in the development of the atomic theory was Robert Millikan, who was a Nobel Prize winning physicist and one of the best known scientists in America. He was born in Morrison, Illinois. His father and mother were Silas Franklin and Mary Jane Millikan. Robert Millikan went to college at Oberlin in 1887 where he then began to have an interest in problem solving and experimentation. In 1893, after receiving his master’s degree, he was given a fellowship by Columbia University. Later, Millikan became a teacher and wrote several  physics textbooks. Robert Millikan realized that he was going to have to do important research if he wanted to make a name for himself, so he began to search for a research project that could produce fundamental results. Scientists in the past had estimated that the electron was a subdivision of the atom with a unit charge of constant value. Then in 1907 Robert Millikan began to explore ways to measure that charge. He then refined the method that was developed by the Scottish physicist C. T. R. Wilson, and Millikan developed the â€Å"oil drop experiment.† Then over the next few years he refined it, and then finally in 1913, Millikan published the value of the electronic charge. â€Å"He showed that the mass of an electron was truly 1/2000 of the simplest type of hydrogen atom. His experiment also showed that the charge to mass ratio was very high. This meant that although the mass of an electron is much smaller than that of a hydrogen atom it has about the same size charge as a negative ion of hydrogen.†(Robert 1909 pg 1) The fourth scientist that helped in the development of the atomic theory was James Chadwick, who discovered the neutron in 1932. He was born in 1891 in Manchester, England, and he graduated from Manchester University in 1911. He then stayed to work with Ernest Rutherford. Chadwick created an experiment that would help to answer the question of an unknown nucleus mass source. He smashed alpha particles into beryllium, a rare metallic element. He then allowed the radiation that was released from it to hit another target which was paraffin wax. After the beryllium radiation hit the hydrogen atoms in the wax, the atoms were sent into a detecting chamber. In physics it was recognized to be the only particle to have approximately the same mass as a hydrogen atom. The results of the experiment showed that an impact with beryllium atoms would release enormous neutral particles, which Chadwick called neutrons. This provided the answer for the hidden mass in atoms. His discovery helped to develop experimental work for all scientists. Because neutrons do not have any electrical charge, neutrons fired from a source have the capability to go through deep layers of materials and go to the nuclei of the target atoms. After Chadwick’s work, scientists all over began to attack all types of materials with neutrons. The fifth scientist who helped develop the atomic theory was J.J Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897. He put his work towards a new theory that stated the atom was made up of small particles. Thomson discovered the  electrons, and he proved his theory with the use of the cathode ray tube. Scientists did many experiments, trying to find the structure of the atom. They passed an electric current through a vacuum tube, and saw light glowing inside the tube. It traveled in a straight line and they were not able to explain it. J.J. Thomson began doing more experiments on the cathode tube. He put two electric plates in its path, one of which was positively charged and another which was negatively charged. The glowing light bent towards the positively charged plate, and he found that the glowing light was smaller particles that were even smaller than the atom. In conclusion to this experiment, J.J. Thomson found the particle called the electron, and so his atomic theory was found. He stated that electrons came out of the trace gas that was inside of the cathode tube. Then because of what he stated, a new theory which said that atoms were made of tiny particles came to the attention of people. Thomson discovered the electrons, and it was then proved that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and he also proved that the atom was divisible. Because the atom was neutral, he suggested that the negatively charged electron was equal to the positively charged proton, and that neutrons did not have charges. He also suggested considering the atom as a sphere, with positively charged particles. These positively charged particles were surrounded by the negatively charged electrons which were placed there because of electrostatic forces. Mattheis 6 The sixth scientist that helped in the development of the atomic theory was Ernest Rutherford who was born in New Zealand. Rutherford worked with and studied under James Chadwick in England. He performed many experiments with radioactive alpha particles. At the time it was unclear what that alpha particle was, they just knew that it was very tiny. Rutherford fired tiny alpha particles at solid objects such as gold foil. He found that most of the alpha particles would pass through the gold foil, but there was a small amount that passed through at an angle and bounced straight back. These experiments that he did suggested that gold foil, and mater had holes in it, and that these holes allowed most of the alpha particles to pass directly through. There was still a small amount though that bounced straight back because they hit a solid object. In 1911 Rutherford  anticipated a ground-breaking view of the atom. He suggested that the atom was made up of a small, and dense core of positiv ely charged particles in the center or nucleus of the atom, and that they were enclosed in a swirling ring of electrons. The alpha particles bounced off because the nucleus was so dense. The electrons were very small, and they spread out to great distances so then the alpha particles were able to pass through the area of the atom. Rutherford’s atom represented a tiny solar system with the positively charged nucleus always at the center and the electrons that revolved around the nucleus. In the development of the atomic theory there were many scientists that contributed to it by experiments, research, and hard work. Because of what all these scientists researched and learned we have all this information on the atomic theory today. If it had not of been for their research and dedication, we would not know the things we know about the atomic theory.

Why you Vote essays

Why you Vote essays 1920, this year should ring a bell in everybodys mind. Especially in the minds of over 50% of this class. 1920 is the year that women earned the right to vote. After 75 years of struggles, fighting, defeats pain s society, we take for granted the passion that many people gave to fight for our right to vote. I am here to tell you why you as an American should vote. 2 weeks ago, our nation participated in a ritual that only takes place once every 4 yrs. Some of us went to the polls and voted for the next leader of our country, the President and Vice President of the United States. Now, here we are 2 weeks, later and we still dont know who our next president will be. There are many different ideas and opinions circulating around of why this country is in such turmoil over the election. In the Miami Herald on Tuesday November 14, George Meyers suggested that not enough people voted; therefore the #s were too close for comfort. After listening to many people discuss the issues at hand I realized that nearly 50% of the people who were complaining about the drawn out voting process were non-voters These non voters, focusing on our age group give two primary reasons on why they dont vote. One is that young people are just not interested in politics and the other is that our voted does not matter. However, both of these arguments re invalid. Sure th ere are many young people who Have no idea of politics and t even know who the candidates were. It is hard to say whether or not these people are just lazy or if they really dont care. On the other hand there are many yo...

Functions of the Apostrophe

Functions of the Apostrophe Functions of the Apostrophe Functions of the Apostrophe By Mark Nichol This post discusses the three primary functions of the apostrophe in the English language: the marking of the possessive case in nouns, the marking of the omission of one or more letters, and the marking of plurals of individual characters. (The obsolescence of apostrophes with abbreviations is also discussed.) Marking Possessives Apostrophes are employed in conjunction with the possessive s, as shown in the following examples: singular common nouns: â€Å"the farmer’s daughter† singular proper nouns that end in s: â€Å"Chris’ job† or â€Å"Chris’s job† (depending on which style one employs) plural common nouns: â€Å"the farmers’ daughters† plural common nouns that end in s: â€Å"the dogs’ bowls† plural proper nouns ending in s: â€Å"the Thompsons’ party† (no s at the end of the name); â€Å"the Simmonses’ car† (s at the end of the name) compound words: â€Å"mother-in-law’s tongue† separate possession: â€Å"John’s and Jane’s houses† joint possession: â€Å"John and Jane’s house† Note, in the case of proper nouns ending in s, the distinction between the first example, which refers to a party hosted by the Thompsons, and the usage Thompson’s, which refers to something belonging to Thompson. Lack of attention to this distinction is the cause of frequent errors in signage, as when a sign referring to the inhabitants of a residence reads, â€Å"The Thompson’s.† This truncation of â€Å"the Thompson’s house† literally indicates that it is the house of the Thompson and therefore is incorrect; it should read, â€Å"The Thompsons’.† Irregular plural nouns such as mice are treated according to the pertinent rule above, as in â€Å"The mice’s whiskers twitched with curiosity.† Also, nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning technically take an apostrophe with no s (â€Å"the scissors’ handle,† though â€Å"the handle of the scissors† is easier to read and say). This rule applies to similar proper nouns (â€Å"Highland Estates’ bylaws†). Another exception is in the phrase â€Å"for goodness’ sake.† Attributive forms, as opposed to possessive forms, do not take an apostrophe (â€Å"veterans affairs†). The distinction is subtle, but test for the correct form by determining whether the phrase refers to an entity that exists for a given group (â€Å"veterans affairs†) or belongs to it or is organized by it (â€Å"farmers’ market†). Names of holidays should be styled according to who or what they honor: â€Å"Mother’s Day† is treated as such, for example, because although the day is for all mothers, one traditionally honored only one’s own mother, while Presidents’ Day commemorates all presidents. (â€Å"Veterans Day† is an anomaly.) Insertion or omission of apostrophes is also inconsistent in proper names in general, especially in geographical locations (â€Å"Pikes Peak,† but â€Å"Martha’s Vineyard’) or names of entities such as companies and organizations (Barclays, but McDonald’s). When an italicized term takes the possessive form, the apostrophe and the s are not italicized (as in â€Å"The Wizard of Oz’s enduring charm†). Contraction Apostrophes mark elision of one or more letters or numbers, as shown in the following examples: don’t (â€Å"do not†) o’clock (â€Å"of the clock†) c’mon (â€Å"come on†) let’s (â€Å"let us†) l’il (little) OK’d (in place of OKed) ’tis (â€Å"it is†) will-o’-the-wisp (will-of-the-wisp) â€Å"rock ’n’ roll† (â€Å"rock and roll†) f’c’stle (forecastle) O’Hara (â€Å"of the Hara,† from Gaelic Eaghra) ’60s (1960s) Many writers are confused about this function in some usage, erroneously apostrophizing possessive pronouns such as its (resulting in the erroneous it’s) and plural nouns such as apples (confusing them for possessive forms, as in a sign reading â€Å"Apple’s on sale†). Also, plural possessives pertaining to time frames are often mistakenly rendered as singular possessives (â€Å"two week’s notice†) or as plurals (â€Å"two weeks notice†); the proper form is â€Å"two weeks’ notice,† because the notice â€Å"belongs† to two weeks. (Note, however, the absence of an apostrophe in the phrase â€Å"two weeks late† because weeks is plural but not possessive.) Another frequent error is confusion of use of the apostrophe as the first character in a term. When contracting a word by beginning with an apostrophe, as in ’tis and â€Å"rock ’n’ roll,† or when contracting a number representing a four-digit year to the last two digits, as in the last example in the list above, precede it with an apostrophe- not an open single quotation mark (‘)- but indicate a range of years with a plural s alone (1960s), not with an apostrophe and an s; reserve that form for possessives (â€Å"1960’s most significant event,† in which a year, not a decade, is under discussion). Also, an apostrophe should follow a number, whether spelled out or in numeral form, only in a possessive sense or as a contraction, as in â€Å"The 4’s diagonal line is sometimes formed vertically† or â€Å"This hundred’s a counterfeit bill.† Plurals of Individual Characters An exception is made for using possessives to indicate plurals of lowercase letters, as in â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s,† â€Å"Label the x’s and y’s,† and â€Å"There are two m’s in accommodate.† Also, the first of these examples shows an additional exception, one to the style rule that letters are italicized when employed to refer to themselves, as in â€Å"Write an s in the square and an r in the rectangle.† (Normally, plurals of uppercase letters do not feature an apostrophe- and are not italicized- as in â€Å"the three Rs† and â€Å"I got three As, two Bs, and a C on my report card.†) Apostrophes with Abbreviations Apostrophes at one time were employed with a following s to indicate plurals of nouns styled as initials followed by periods, as in M.D.’s to indicate more than doctor or R.S.V.P.’s to refer to multiple responses to an invitation, because although those forms look awkward, M.D.s and R.S.V.P.s appear even more so. However, use of periods with initials is becoming obsolete, and an apostrophe in MDs and RSVPs is unnecessary. (Many newer coinages such as CDs and DVDs generally postdate widespread usage of periods in initialisms.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

Smokers in Engineering Classes vs. Liberal Arts Classes Statistics Project

Smokers in Engineering Classes vs. Liberal Arts Classes - Statistics Project Example This is the best platform used to ask them their class and if they have a smoking habit. A lot of information gathered was taken from the gym and the field where most students seem to freely interact with their classes. If more students with or without a smoking habit go to the gym then we may have a conclusion that the class has more students who smoke than the other one. We decided to test the claims that less than 80% of college students smoke in engineering classes and less than 60% of students smoke in liberal arts classes and that students in liberal arts classes smoke more than engineering students did. This pertains to the economy because finding extra coins to smoke is hard and the costs of attaining college classes are rising because of the cost of living (Lejuez, 180). The survey undertook a population of 56 males and 45 females from each class to find out whether or not they have a smoking habit. While collecting the data there were some shortcomings in that not most students attend the gym and so the data collected might not be 100% accurate. The other shortcomings some students were already at school while others were working. Even though the data and the result collected may not be accurate, interview as a method of collecting data has appeared as the most appropriate method of collection of data. This is because it gives you a direct systematic conversation between the interviewer and the respondent, therefore, giving you the ability to judge if the information is relevant or not. The research design will adopt descriptive statistics that is it will summarize the quantities gathered by use of tables and pie charts to arrive at the findings and inferential statistics that is the estimation of the parameters and testing of statistical hypothesis. According to the data collected, it can be seen that 58.93% of the males in Engineering classes  smoke while they are still in college and that 41.07% of students in liberal Arts classes smoke while still in school.